ComFund (Prelim Reviewer)

This might help peeps.
-Shy ♥

Computer Basic Function
(APSP)

1. Accepts Input
- whatever is being put into the PC
- needs an input device
- controlled by a program
(ex: words, symbols)

2.) Process Data
- data, refers to symbols that represents facts, objects and ideas
- process, a way inwhich a computer manipulates data

3.) Stores Data

• Types of Data Storage:
• memory - memory card, CMOS, RAM
• storage device (non-volatile) - hard disk, floppy, USB and CDs

4.) Produces Output
- results produced by PC
- needs an output device
(ex: reports, documents, files)





Evolution of Computers

First Generation (1940-not sure till when, wasnt able to copy it, please ask others)
VACUUM TUBES
- circuitry and often enormous, taking up entire rooms
- magnetic drums as primary storage device
- uses machines languages for instructions

INPUT - punched cards and paper tape 
OUTPUT - printouts

Samples:
*UNIVAC
          -the first commercial computer delivered to a business client

*ENIAC
          - first computer used for scientific studies

*EDVAC
          - the first computer to hold both stored program as well as data


Second Generation (1936-1963)
TRANSISTORS
- replaced the vacuum tubes
- smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy efficient and more reliable
- computers could handle enormous amount of data
- used in business, universities and government companies


Third Generations (1964-1971)
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
- drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers
- uses keyboard, monitors and interfaced with an operating system
- computers been able to run different application program


Fourth Generation (1971-present)
MICROPROCESSORS
- an integrated circuit designed to process instructions
- CPU is the most important element of a computer system




Capabilities of a Computer
- ability to link embed
- change different fonts and graphics
- defined by its hardware and the software
- endless and limitless, we cannot put boundary to its ability




Qualities that Defines Computer Capability
1. speed
2. repetitiveness
3. accuracy
4. logic operations
5. store and recall operation
6. self checking
7. self operation





General Applications of Computer
1. Scientific Research
- cloning, weather forecasting
2. Business/E-Commerce
- banking, online shopping
3.Entertainment
- movie effects, gaming
4. Education / World Wide Web
- e-learning
5. Connectivity / Communication
- email, social networking
6. Aviation
- airport
7. Military Operations
- nuclear weapon, GPS (Global Positioning System)
8. Programming
- visual basic, java, perl, c++, delphi
9. Artificial Intelligence
- robotics, speech recognition




MS Word / Microsoft Word
- software program  that enables the user to create a professional looking
ex: letters, mails / mailings, flyers, diploma

• Shortcut/steps on how to open Microsoft Word using keyboard:
• press window key /or/ ctrl + esc
• use arrow keys < > ^ to select all programs then enter
• select microsoft / ms office then choose MSWord 2007
• press enter key

Functions of Mouse
- click
- right click
- pointing
- dragging
- double click
- left click isn't included, ok?!



Anatomy of MS Word
1. Title Bar
- the name of the file / document
2. Office Button
- its like start button
3. Tabs
- menu, edit, files
4. Minimize, maximize, close or exit button
5. Ribbon
- toolbars under home or under tabs
- CTRL + f1 to show/hide ribbons
6. Horizontal / Vertical Ruler
- automatic 1" each - left, right, up and down
7. Elevator Bar
- also known as scroll bar
8. Status Bar
- showing thepages and how many words you have on your document
9. Blinking Cursor
10. Document Area
- also known as editing screen
11. View Tabs/ Buttons
- view layouts
12. Zoom
- zoom button, zoom in, zoom out
- 10-500%




Keyboard Shortcuts
- single spare without using mouse

CTRL A = select all
CTRL B = bold
CTRL C = copy
CTRL D = font dialog box
CTRL E = center
CTRL F = find/replace dialog box
CTRL G = go to tab
CTRL H = replace tab
CTRL I = italic
CTRL J = justify
CTRL K = hyperlink
CTRL L = left
CTRL M = tab
CTRL N = new document
CTRL O = open
CTRL P = print
CTRL Q = ---none---
CTRL  R = right align
CTRL S = save
CTRL T = tab/indent
CTRL U = underline
CTRL V = paste
CTRL X = cut
CTRL Y = redo
CTRL Z = undo




Classifications of Computer
1. technology
2.  function
3. physical size
4. performance
5. cost



Computer Categories
1. mainframe
2. minicomputer
3. microcomputer
4. supercomputer
5. server

• Mainframe
• large, fast and expensive
• reliable and secured
• used by business and government
• centralized, storage, processing, distribution and management of large amount of data
• 3 Units of Mainframe
• over all operations
• handles communications with all users
• finding data requested
• samples: IBM (International Business Machine)
• speed from 0.034 MIPS to 1.700 MIPS
• to cover the full range of applications, from small to large 

• Minicomputer
• a system capable of supporting from 4 to about 200 users simultaneously
• smaller, less expensive and less powerful machines
• perform all terminals, business applications
• sample: The PDP-8 (1960's)
•  the first successful commercial mini computer
• built with discrete transistor
• built 60's - distribute '65
• Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)

• Microcomputers
•  general purpose computer useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end user
• also called personal computers, PC
• ex: desktop, notebook, laptops and PDA
• sample: Altair 8800
• microcomputer designed for 1915
• based on the intel 8080 CPU
•  sold thousands in the first month
• recognized as the spark that led to the personal computer revolution computer bus designed 

• 2nd sample: Apple 2 / Apple II
• 1977 - one of the first highly successful mass produced microcomputer
• among the first home computers on the market, and became one of the most recognizable and successful
• sold between 5 and 6 million until 1993

•  Supercomputer
• faster and most expensive (1m-100million)
• "compute-intensive" tasks
• molecular modelling
• code breaking
• weather prediction
• physical simulation

• speed - complex processing
• movement of thousands of particles in a tornado
• creating realistic animation
• sample: Illian IV
• one of the most infamous supercomputers ever built
• 256 processors - parallel processing
• sample 2: IBM Road Runner
• world's fastest computer
• US $133million
• US (DDE) National Nuclear Security Administration

• Server
• a special type of computer that is configure to serve the computers on a network
• store and distribute data and/or allow clients to exchange files or access a centralized resources
• can be personal computer
• sample: near view server

Components of Computer

• Hardware
• system unit
• motherboard
• processor
• memory
• power supply

• devices
• input
• output
• communication

 

 

 

The System Unit

- main body of the computer

• samples:
• motherboard
• cooling fans
• internal disk drives
• memory modules
• expansion cards
• power supply

• expansion card samples:
• video card
• sound card
• LAN card
• wifi card

 

 

 

Rearview of the System Unit

• Serial Port
• used for old joysticks and POs (point of sales)

• Motherboard
• also known as 'system board'
• main system board of the system unit
• Components attached to motherboard
• processor
• memory
• buses
• system clock
• expansion slots and adapter cards
• ports

 

Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech

• Noun
• Verb
• Preposition
• Adjectives
• Interjection
• Conjuction
• Pronoun
• Adverb

NOUN
- a word used to indicate a person, thing, place or idea

VERB
- conveys an action

PREPOSITION
-

Four (4) Language of Skills

Four (4) Language of Skills

1. Listening
2. Speaking
3. Reading
4. Writing

Note: There are some that they were adding VIEWING to the language of skills.

Essential Processes of Management

TWO ESSENTIAL PROCESSES of MANAGEMENT


DECISION MAKING
- the process of choosing from two or more alternatives

Example:
PLANNING - the manager decides among alternative ways of accomplishing objectives
ORGANIZING - the manager evaluates different grouping of jobs and patterns of authority and responsibility


COMMUNICATING
- the process of exchanging facts, ideas, opinions and emotions between two or more persons
- manager must receive much needed information to be able to plan effectively
- the plan must be communicated if it is to be put into action

Functions of Management

Functions of Management:

PLANNING
- the process of setting the objectives to be accomplished by an organization during a future time period and deciding on the methods of reaching them

ORGANIZING
- the process of grouping and assigning activitis and providing the necessary authority to carry out the activities

STAFFING
- the process of filling positions in the organizational structure with the most qualified people available (based on field of expertise)

MOTIVATING
- the process of getting the people to contribute their maximum effort toward the attainment of organizational objectives (good salary, etc)

CONTROLLING
- the process of ensuring the achievement of an organizations objectives (closely monitoring the operation)

MANAGEMENT - Basic Info

What is MANAGEMENT?

• creating the plans for the company
• a collective body of those who manage or direct an enterprise
• judicious use of mean to accomplish an end
• a minimum input with maximum output
• planning and organizing to improve the operation to get the quality of their product
• is a process (a systematic way of doing things), it utilizes resources efficiently
• it gets things done through and with others it achieves a stated goal

Management is an art because managers use judgement based on common sense and experience rather than merely following a prescribed set of management rules.

Hi NT1A

Hi NT1A - hope it will help us all.

All of the things/info we've discussed with the professors from different subjects will be posted here. =)